Protecting Marine Resources

Protecting Marine Resources:

     We are disturbing marine wildlife and nature, when we don't recycle and continue to pollute the oceans. Marine mammals can mistake our trash as food, in which they consume and end up dying. This can result in extinction in the mammals.  

     On a personal level, I believe that we should put a stop to using anything non-biodegradable. A great number of marine mammals are dying each year due to the amount of pollution and carelessness. Using paper bags instead of plastic bags will tremendously help our environment and help the animals live longer.

      I think marine resources are over used and carelessly abused. Huge ships are polluting the oceans with gas and oil everyday. Grocery stores have become more aware of the pollution problem and started to use paper bags and recyclable bags. Although, in many stores plastic is still continued to be used on a daily basis. Over a significant time period when the pollution affect becomes worse I think people will then begin to realize how bad pollution is when the marine species starts dying off. Recycling and being responsible for trash is so important because little by little you are saving and helping the marine mammals, oceans and environment. 

     In order to protect marine resources both now and in the future, I will be more aware of where my trash ends up and I will continue using paper bags when I shop and bio-degradable plastic water bottles. I will also continue to recycle and be more cautious about the pollution around us. I will do anything to help the environment and prevent it from turning to trash.  

Project Reflection

Conservation of Organisms-

Throughout this project I learned a lot about how plastics in the ocean can harm the marine organisms and pollute the oceans. One of the most serious threats to our oceans is plastic pollution. Approximately 90% of all trash floating on the oceans surface is plastic, with 46,000 pieces of plastic per square mile. Plastic is not biodegradable, instead it is eaten by marine life, mistaken for food. It is washed up on beaches and breaks down into microscopic plastic dust, which attracts more debris. This has become a global problem occurring everyday. There is no part of the world left untouched by debris and its impacts. Marine debris is a threat to our environment, navigation safety, the economy and human health. Learning about this information made me become more careful and made me want to go to the beaches and help clean up the polluted trash and plastic, to help the marine life.  I really enjoyed this project and the topic I chose. I thought it was creative to make a pamphlet to express our information that we gathered. During this whole year I truly enjoyed every project we did. I felt as though they were all hands on and helped me learn and remember all the information that we had to learn!  

 

Coral Bleaching

 

Why  are coral  reefs  important, and  what are possible explanations for the  phenomenon known as “coral  bleaching?”

Coral reefs play a very important part in many ecosystems. They are a home for many different types of fish. It is said that reef supports about twenty five percent of all marine life. Reefs provide spawning, nursery, refuge and feeding areas for large groups of organisms. Although reefs are very essential, they can be endangered due to many possible things. Boats and dropped anchors can cause severe damage to these fragile ecosystems. Frequent human contact and pollution kills the reefs over time. Silt from eroded soil in runoff water can block sunlight. Without sunlight, photosynthesis does not occur and reefs gradually die and begin to diminish. Untreated or improperly treated sewage promotes the growth of algae, which harms coral reefs. Some fishermen stun fish by squirting cyanide, a very toxic poison, into reef areas where fish seek refuge. The poison does not kill, but disorients the fish in the coral where they hide. Coral reefs are very sensitive and need to be well maintained in order for organisms to survive.

            Warmer water temperatures can result in coral bleaching. When water is too warm, corals will expel the algae “zooxanthellae” living in their tissues causing the coral to turn completely white, the term for this is called coral bleaching. When a coral bleaches, it is not dead. Corals can survive a bleaching event, but they are under more stress and have a higher risk of becoming unhealthy. When corals bleach they commonly lose 60-90% of their “zooxanthellae” and each zooxanthella may lose 50-80% of its photosynthetic pigments. Coral bleaching is very harmful and stressful to all organisms living in the environment.

Geological Time Line

Our class spent a week and a half doing a project regarding the prehistoric eras of the Earth. We started with the Cambrian period, ending with the Tertiary. We were split into groups and had to research one of these periods. I chose the Cretaceous period which took place about 40-165 million years ago. I learned that when the dinosaurs were becoming extinct, warm-blooded mammals began to take over. They appeared mostly at night time and avoided larger animals because of their size. There are two types of mammals that are still alive today. The Marsupial mammals who developed in the adults pouch because of their immaturity at birth. The Placental Mammals were more advanced when they were younger, and could fend for themselves better. These mammals became more dominant on earth then the Marsupial Mammals did. I worked well with my partner and we evenly split the work load. From the other groups I gained a lot of information that I had never knew before. I enjoyed presenting and hearing about the other groups information. I also liked walking around and viewing the different fossils each group constructed. I feel as through I learn information better with hands on activities like this one. Making a poster helps me lay out all the facts and organize my ideas neatly.

Plankton Decline

Phytoplankton are affecting the entire world around them!

Phytoplankton exist in the sunlight layer of the world's oceans to grow and gather energy. They also play a major role in the world's carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous cycles, which can not only affect the world's oceans but the entire world. Since 1950, the Phytoplankton population has dropped nearly 40%. That translates to about a drop about 1 % of the average plankton population between 1899-2008. They blame the rising of sea temperatures on the decline of Phytoplankton, lessening the population. Phytoplankton are the base of the food chain concerning many scientists, which leads them to wonder what might happen in 10 years. When Phytoplankton die, they sink to the bottom of the ocean, depositing their carbon in the sediment where it can be trapped for long periods of time. A demonstration was put in place by a team of researchers. They found out that increasing warmth caused by a changing climate will upset the natural cycles of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and phosphorous. This will affect the plankton which also may cause harm to for fish and other species higher up on the food chain. I feel as though something should be done because Phytoplankton are slowly taking over, increasing the risk of other species decreasing.  

• Morello, Lauren, and ClimateWire. "Phytoplankton Population Drops 40 Percent Since 1950." Scientific American Global RSS. Scientific American, 29 July 2010. Web. 12 Feb. 2014.
• Kirby, Alex. "Plankton Will Suffer as Oceans Warm." Climate News Network. Climate News Network, 8 Sept. 2013. Web. 12 Feb. 2014.

marine food web

Marine Food Web

Clams live on the bottom of the ocean and they are classed as bivalve mollusks. Clams are constantly looking for something to eat. When the clam pops open, a long siphon, also called a “neck”, comes out to suck the food down the long neck into the clam. Clams are known as filter feeders, which means that the clams pump water through their bodies to capture microscopic organisms that float along the bottom of the ocean which is also called plankton. Clams also eat phytoplankton, zooplankton, algae and copepods. The clams get their nutrients out of the plankton they eat. Clams are a popular food in the animal world. Fish like to eat them, and so do shorebirds, which sometimes break them open by dropping them onto boulders from a great height. Starfish eat them by prying them open with their powerful arms.
                                        

 

Phytoplankton

These small plants are the beginning of the food chain for most of the planet. As phytoplankton grow and multiply, small fish and other animals eat them as food. Larger animals then eat these smaller ones. The ocean fishing industry often finds good fishing spots by looking at ocean color images to locate areas rich in phytoplankton. Phytoplankton are the foundation of the aquatic food web, the primary producers, feeding everything from microscopic, animal-like zooplankton to multi-ton whales. Neuston's are aquatic organisms that float or swim in the surface film of a body of water.
Hypotheses from page 3:
Diatoms are a major group of eukaryotic algae, and are one of the most common types of phytoplankton. Most diatoms are unicellular, although they can exist as colonies in the shape of filaments. Most of them are yellowish- brown. They make their own source of nutrients by light and water.
Activity 1 results on page 5:
1. Diatomaceous earth is soil that contains diatoms or their fossils.
2. Light bounces off different objects in order to reflect.
3. Based of diatoms characteristics, they can also be useful for mirrors because they reflect themselves.
Conclude and communicate on page 5:
1. I learned that diatoms depend on sunlight for energy to preform photosynthesis and nutrients.
2. Would plankton survive if there were no diatoms? What else do diatoms do for the ocean?
3. The importance of this activity is to study the adaptation that diatoms have for planktonic life.